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Fair Work Act 2009
s.418 - Application for an order that industrial action by employees or employers stop etc.
Teekay Shipping (Australia) Pty Ltd
v
Maritime Union of Australia, The
(C2015/4570)
COMMISSIONER CAMBRIDGE
SYDNEY, 7 JULY 2015
Application for an Order to stop industrial action.
[1] This is the edited text of an ex tempore Decision made in transcript during proceedings
held on 7 July 2015.
[2] This matter involves an application made under s. 418 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (the
Act), seeking that the Fair Work Commission (the Commission) make an Order that industrial
action that is occurring be stopped and not occur.
[3] Section 418 of the Act is in the following terms:
“418 FWC must order that industrial action by employees or employers stop etc.
(1) If it appears to the FWC that industrial action by one or more employees or
employers that is not, or would not be, protected industrial action:
(a) is happening; or
(b) is threatened, impending or probable; or
(c) is being organised;
The FWC must make an Order that the industrial action stop, not occur or not be
organised (as the case may be) for a period (the stop period) specified in the Order.
Note: For interim orders, see section 420.
(2) The FWC may make the Order:
(a) on its own initiative; or
(b) on application by either of the following:
[2015] FWC 4498 [Note: An appeal pursuant to s.604 (C2015/3262) was
lodged against this decision - refer to Full Bench decision dated 17 July
2015 [[2015] FWCFB 4895] for result of appeal.]
DECISION
AUSTRALIA FairWork Commission
https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/decisionssigned/html/2015FWCFB4895.htm
[2015] FWC 4498
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(i) a person who is affected (whether directly or indirectly), or who is
likely to be affected (whether directly or indirectly), by the industrial
action;
(ii) an organisation of which a person referred to in subparagraph (i) is a
member.
(3) In making the Order, the FWC does not have to specify the particular industrial
action.
(4) If the FWC is required to make an Order under subsection (1) in relation to
industrial action and a protected action ballot authorised the industrial action:
(a) some or all of which has not been taken before the beginning of the stop
period specified in the order; or
(b) which has not ended before the beginning of that stop period; or
(c) beyond that stop period;
The FWC may state in the Order whether or not the industrial action may be engaged
in after the end of that stop period without another protected action ballot.”
[4] The application has been made by Teekay Shipping (Australia) Pty Ltd (Teekay). The
application seeks an Order against the Maritime Union of Australia (the MUA) and members
of the MUA who are employees of Teekay.
[5] The industrial action that is the subject of the application relates to employees of
Teekay who are members of the MUA, and who are allegedly refusing to perform work as
directed so as to enable the vessel named Alexander Spirit, to sail to Singapore.
[6] The definition of industrial action is found at section 19 of the Act which is in the
following terms:
“19 Meaning of industrial action
(1) Industrial action means action of any of the following kinds:
(a) the performance of work by an employee in a manner different from that in
which it is customarily performed, or the adoption of a practice in relation to
work by an employee, the result of which is a restriction or limitation on, or a
delay in, the performance of the work;
(b) a ban, limitation or restriction on the performance of work by an employee
or on the acceptance of or offering for work by an employee;
(c) a failure or refusal by employees to attend for work or a failure or refusal to
perform any work at all by employees who attend for work;
[2015] FWC 4498
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(d) the lockout of employees from their employment by the employer of the
employees.
Note: In Automotive, Food, Metals, Engineering, Printing and Kindred Industries
Union v The Age Company Limited, PR946290, the Full Bench of the Australian
Industrial Relations Commission considered the nature of industrial action and noted
that action will not be industrial in character if it stands completely outside the area of
disputation and bargaining.
(2) However, industrial action does not include the following:
(a) action by employees that is authorised or agreed to by the employer of the
employees;
(b) action by an employer that is authorised or agreed to by, or on behalf of,
employees of the employer;
(c) action by an employee if:
(i) the action was based on a reasonable concern of the employee about
an imminent risk to his or her health or safety; and
(ii) the employee did not unreasonably fail to comply with a direction of
his or her employer to perform other available work, whether at the
same or another workplace, that was safe and appropriate for the
employee to perform.
(3) An employer locks out employees from their employment if the employer prevents
the employees from performing work under their contracts of employment without
terminating those contracts.
Note: In this section, employee and employer have their ordinary meanings (see
section 11).”
[7] The evidence produced during the Hearing has confirmed that the industrial action
which is the subject of the application is happening or is threatened, impending, or probable
or is being organised. The MUA has advanced inter alia, the proposition that the industrial
action taken in this instance does not satisfy the definition of industrial action on the basis that
it is action that meets the exclusion to the definition of industrial action contained in s. 19 (2)
(c) of the Act.
[8] I have considered the evidence provided by the MUA upon which it has been asserted
that the industrial action relates to health and safety concerns of the MUA and its members
such that the action has been taken in satisfaction of the terms of s. 19 (2) (c) of the Act. Upon
evaluation of the evidence, I am unable to accept that the industrial action in this instance
satisfies the legislative exclusion provided by s. 19 (2) (c) of the Act.
[2015] FWC 4498
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[9] The existence of what may be considered to be a legitimate concern which prompts the
taking of industrial action does not render that action to be protected industrial action. Further,
industrial action does not become protected industrial action because of circumstances where
there may be personal psychological impacts arising from the continuation of work in
accordance with the manner that work is customarily performed and without any form of
restriction, limitation or delay upon the performance of work. The prospect of some adverse
physiological condition does not translate into a reasonable concern about an imminent risk to
health and safety.
[10] Although I may personally have great sympathy for the crew of the Alexander Spirit,
the predicament that these individuals face is, in essence, a predicament that is broadly shared
by many other Australian workers. The prospect of sailing the Alexander Spirit to Singapore
may, for example, be contemplated in similar fashion to those vehicle manufacturing workers
who assemble the final Falcon, Commodore and Camry.
[11] Consequently, the industrial action in this instance satisfies the definition of industrial
action and it is not protected industrial action.
[12] Further, I do not believe that the industrial action is based on a reasonable concern
about an imminent risk to health or safety. Therefore, pursuant to s.418 of the Act, the
Commission must Order that the industrial action stop.
[13] The Orders [PR569058] as broadly sought by Teekay are made and issued separately.
COMMISSIONER
Appearances:
Mr S P Meehan of Counsel, with Mr D Lloyd and Ms H Martin, solicitors from Ashurst
Australia, on behalf of Teekay;
Mr S Crawshaw, SC of Counsel, with Mr K Bolwell on behalf of the MUA.
Hearing details:
2015.
Sydney:
July, 6 & 7.
Printed by authority of the Commonwealth Government Printer
Price code A, PR569049
